First published: 13 September 2025
https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.3185
ABSTRACT
Systems Thinking has a good track record when applied to improve problem situations confronting decision-makers and other stakeholders. It has developed a range of well-formulated methodologies capable of garnering its various theoretical insights and translating them into successful practice. In some cases, these methodologies have evolved as part of explicit programmes of Action Research. Peter Checkland’s use of the FMA framework to perfect Soft Systems Methodology is the best example. The paper seeks to demonstrate that the FMA framework can be used to throw light on the development of a range of systems methodologies. A case can then be made for those wedded to other methodologies to explicitly adopt and utilize the FMA framework to further improve their own theories and competences. This is not enough, however, to ensure a healthy future for Systems Thinking as a whole. To unify the field and make the best use of the resources it has to offer, Action Research must also be conducted under the guidance of Critical Systems Practice and the EPIC framework.
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