Objects of consciousness

Donald D. Hoffman^1* and Chetan Prakash²

• ¹Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
• ²Department of Mathematics, California State University, San Bernardino, CA, USA

Current models of visual perception typically assume that human vision estimates true properties of physical objects, properties that exist even if unperceived. However, recent studies of perceptual evolution, using evolutionary games and genetic algorithms, reveal that natural selection often drives true perceptions to extinction when they compete with perceptions tuned to fitness rather than truth: Perception guides adaptive behavior; it does not estimate a preexisting physical truth. Moreover, shifting from evolutionary biology to quantum physics, there is reason to disbelieve in preexisting physical truths: Certain interpretations of quantum theory deny that dynamical properties of physical objects have definite values when unobserved. In some of these interpretations the observer is fundamental, and wave functions are compendia of subjective probabilities, not preexisting elements of physical reality. These two considerations, from evolutionary biology and quantum physics, suggest that current models of object perception require fundamental reformulation. Here we begin such a reformulation, starting with a formal model of consciousness that we call a “conscious agent.” We develop the dynamics of interacting conscious agents, and study how the perception of objects and space-time can emerge from such dynamics. We show that one particular object, the quantum free particle, has a wave function that is identical in form to the harmonic functions that characterize the asymptotic dynamics of conscious agents; particles are vibrations not of strings but of interacting conscious agents. This allows us to reinterpret physical properties such as position, momentum, and energy as properties of interacting conscious agents, rather than as preexisting physical truths. We sketch how this approach might extend to the perception of relativistic quantum objects, and to classical objects of macroscopic scale.

Frontiers | Objects of consciousness

Article on Hoffman:

https://www.quantamagazine.org/the-evolutionary-argument-against-reality-20160421/

And video interview https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UJukJiNEl4o

Fitness Beats Truth in the Evolution of Perception

Chetan Prakash ¹, Kyle D Stephens ², Donald D Hoffman ³, Manish Singh ⁴, Chris Fields ⁵

Affiliations expand

• PMID: 33231784
• DOI: 10.1007/s10441-020-09400-0

Abstract

Does natural selection favor veridical percepts-those that accurately (if not exhaustively) depict objective reality? Perceptual and cognitive scientists standardly claim that it does. Here we formalize this claim using the tools of evolutionary game theory and Bayesian decision theory. We state and prove the “Fitness-Beats-Truth (FBT) Theorem” which shows that the claim is false: If one starts with the assumption that perception involves inference to states of the objective world, then the FBT Theorem shows that a strategy that simply seeks to maximize expected-fitness payoff, with no attempt to estimate the “true” world state, does consistently better. More precisely, the FBT Theorem provides a quantitative measure of the extent to which the fitness-only strategy dominates the truth strategy, and of how this dominance increases with the size of the perceptual space. The FBT Theorem supports the Interface Theory of Perception (e.g. Hoffman et al. in Psychon Bull Rev https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-015-0890-8 , 2015), which proposes that our perceptual systems have evolved to provide a species-specific interface to guide adaptive behavior, and not to provide a veridical representation of objective reality.

Keywords: Bayesian decision theory; Evolutionary game theory; Evolutionary psychology; Fitness; Interface theory of perception; Perception; Veridicality.

Fitness Beats Truth in the Evolution of Perception – PubMed

Paper (some kind of preprint?):

Click to access FitnessBeatsTruth_apa_PBR.pdf

ISSS 2023 in South Africa 17-23 June 2023

Loads of info about the conference. Including giraffes!

An experience of a lifetime!​ Travelling to the KNP What you need to know​ Conference fees Proposed Itinerary Call for papers STiP workshop detail Notes on Registration process Risk managemen Message for the ISSS BoD Detail of a External Organisation that can assist with flight bookings etc​ Queries e-mail to conference@isss.org Message from the President ​Dear Reader, It is our pleasure to publish our updated special edition of the ISSS newsletter. The purpose of this special issue is to provide information on our 2023 conference. ISSS2023 is our first face-to-face conference after the Covid-19 pandemic, and we are all looking forward to meeting up with our ISSS friends in the Kruger National Park in South Africa from 17-23 June 2023.The theme of the conference is ‘Systems Practice for Professions.’ Due to the unique nature of the venue, the closing date for registration is  March 15th, 2023. The conference takes the form of a multi-event with flexible participation. From 17-19 June, participants can join a pre-conference Writing Retreat, or use the time and facilities as an informal meeting space. Various organisations already indicated that they want to make use of these days to come together before joining the main conference from 19-23 June.We also offer a Systems Thinking in Practice (STiP) formal workshop from 17 June with full-day sessions on 17-19 June and dedicated activities during the main conference. More details follow later in this newsletter in the announcement of the STiP workshop. The theme, Systems Practice for Professions, is central to  of our keynote addresses.  Two are by past-presidents of the ISSS. Prof Gerald Midgley, Prof Ray Ison. Other keynote  speakers include Dr Rachel Lilley and  Dr Louis Klein. They are known for their extensive work in Systems Practice and will present their work. More keynote addresses will be confirmed and communicated on the conference web page linked to isss.org.  We also value contributions on underlying theory guiding systems practice. More detail follows in the call for papers which is part of this newsletter.  The conference team will ensure that you have a wonderful experience in the Kruger National Park. We included game drives and cultural activities in the programme to make this the trip of a lifetime that will live up to your expectations. In this newsletter we hope to provide you with all the information you need to make this a memorable integrative experience!   Roelien Goede

 

Link

An Intro to Systems Thinking: “Thinking in Systems” by Donella Meadows (Book Summary)BY KYLE KOWALSKI

Thinking in Systems by Donella Meadows (Book Summary) | Sloww

Carl Bergstrom“The crisis of human collective decision-making in a social media world” A Complex Systems Public Event

https://lsa.umich.edu/cscs/news-events/all-events.detail.html/103361-21807096.html

Carl Bergstrom “The crisis of human collective decision-making in a social media world” A Complex Systems Public Event Carl Bergstrom has published extensively on COVID, and misinformation (and COVID misinformation!) in the New York Times, The Atlantic, Scientific American and innumerable scientific journals. He was also a frequent guest on news programs especially during the early times of the pandemic. Dr. Bergstrom is also an avid birder with a special fondness for corvids.    Join us Tuesday, January 31 at 4-5pm in Rackham Amphitheatre for this special talk. Reception to follow in Assembly Hall. Please visit the event listing for abstract, details, accessibility and virtual option. Talk will be 4-5pm, followed by a light reception.Register to Attend HereAdd to Google Calendar

Carl Bergstrom Presents “The crisis of human collective decision-making in a social media world” January 31, 4-5pm.

Strong calls for systems thinking

Independent report

Review of Net Zero

An independent review of the government’s approach to delivering its net zero target, to ensure that it is pro-business and pro-growth. From:Department for Business, Energy & Industrial StrategyPublished26 September 2022Last updated13 January 2023 — See all updates

Review of Net Zero – GOV.UK

Emancipation is an important landmark of progress in our social systems. The challenge is how to set ourselves free and yet maintain our relationships to work together effectively and bring about the systemic changes we so urgently need? For us to truly emancipate ourselves and flourish, we also need to be viable – individually and collectively. Viability is the capacity to have and maintain autonomous, conscious, responsible, and independent existence. Emancipation implies a need to rethink the intended purpose of human organisation – to define new adaptive pathways towards a flourishing future for all.

In our conference we seek to review how Beer’s original ideas, among other systems approaches, offer clear criteria and tools to facilitate emancipatory systemic changes. We also invite people to reflect on the barriers and obstacles to emancipation and to systemic change. Thus, we welcome presentations and workshops that explore:

The notion of emancipation emerging from individual and collective changes of cognition, awareness, and perception, and being an engine for viability.

The notion of viability as the capacity to continue existing – or to cease to exist in a given moment of time. This contributes to the ultimate goal of preserving the integrity of the ecosystems and communities to which we belong and with which we co-evolve.
The barriers to emancipation as they have been experienced and understood in different interventions – as well as a reflection on how to overcome them.
The notions of co-evolution and perpetual change – hence the need for requisite experimentation as a core strategy for viability and resilience.
The characteristics of systemic change, and ways of designing experiments to promote intentional transitions.
The unpredictable and surprising routes through which systemic innovations proliferate over time.
Examples of applications of a range of approaches aimed at facilitating systemic change in different organisational contexts.
Experiences of seeds of change sown in the past, which contributed to the awakening of consciousness and desire for change, and over time produced new systems configurations.
The need to revisit the toolbox for viability – Beer’s visionary theories and tools for the development of more robust and resilient self-governing systems.
Open research paths for further developing the viability theory to support emancipatory systemic change.

Dates

Conference dates: 08 – 10 June, 2023

Register by: 01 May, 2023

Deadlines:

Abstract and workshop submission by 20 March, 2023.

Confirmation of acceptance two weeks after submission.

Abstract guidelines:

The abstract must be a maximum of 200 words. It should explain the topic and focus of the talk, the theory/and or methodology and tools used and the key lessons learned.

A workshop proposal must be a maximum of 300 words and should specify the topic, methodology, expected outcome, number of participants, time (maximum of 90 minutes), space and equipment required.

Papers will be included in a special issue of a systems journal.

Save the date! Details on registration coming soon.

In the Systems Sciences group, Morten Vind-Visby asks:

I am trying to get at better understanding of the concept of living systems not following the laws of entropy according to second law of thermodynamics.

Hammond (2020) mentions: “As Bertalanffy pointed out, among many others,the phenomena of life tend towards increasing complexity and order, in clear violation of the second law” – of thermodynamic (red)

This is also well described by Capra in systems view of life (2018). I understand it as the Self-organising abilities of living systems and thereby emergent properties are some of the reasons why living systems defy entropy.

As I understand it – this is the mechanisms that keeps us alive. But as we grow older and our organism lose it ability to reproduce itself and we die! Is that not entropy of that said system?

If possible please include reference. It would be of great help

Reference: Hammond, Debora. “The Legacy of Ludwig von Bertalanffy and Its Relevance for Our Time.” Systems Research and Behavioral Science, vol. 36, no. 3, 29 Apr. 2019, pp. 301–307, 10.1002/sres.2598. Accessed 23 Mar. 2020.

Fritjof Capra and Pier Luigi Luisi (2018). The systems view of life : a unifying vision. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Systems Sciences | Facebook

Paul Watzlawick: MRI’s mentors (Bateson, Jackson, Erickson, von Foerster)

Paul Watzlawick: MRI’s mentors (Bateson, Jackson, Erickson, von Foerster) – YouTube

Where: South downs room, 3rd Floor, Mithras House, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN31FR

Book tickets: https://www.eventbrite.com/e/radical-methodologies-seminar-systems-theatre-with-tom-scholte-tickets-510688552207

Brighton’s Radical Methodologies Research Group is delighted to welcome Tom Scholte from the University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, who will be sharing their work in resolving systemic conflicts through theatre practice.

Scholte is a nationally recognized actor who has appeared in dozens of films, TV shows and plays. Recently, the UBC theatre and film professor has turned their attention to the role that theatre can play in resolving conflict and bridging division. As the artistic director of Conflict Theatre at UBC — a collaboration between Human Resources, the Department of Theatre and Film, and Equity & Inclusion — Scholte uses the tools of forum theatre to help faculty and staff work approach workplace conflict differently. By rehearsing new strategies for difficult conversations, Scholte says participants build resilience, empathy, and emotional intelligence.

Scholte is vice-president of the American Society for Cybernetics and their recent work has drawn on the creative arts to develop what they have termed “critical cybernetics”.

—

Brighton’s Radical Methodologies Research Group explores counter-conventional approaches to research and practice across varied contexts and disciplines. Centred in design, the group looks to question the roots of methodological assumptions (hence radical – from the Latin radix, or root) and to promote exchange between discourses that tend to get separated out by institutional, disciplinary and departmental structures.

Edited by Alexander Riegler and Pille Bunnell

With five target articles written by
+ Fritjof Capra
+ Alexander Kravchenko
+ Nelson Vaz
+ Jorge Mpodozis
+ Randall Whitaker
and 37 open peer commentaries and author’s responses.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

== EDITORIAL ==

Bunnell P. & Riegler A.
A Plurality of Perspectives: Maturana’s Impact on Science and Philosophy
https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fconstructivist.info%2F18%2F1%2F001&data=05%7C01%7C%7Cfe6fd64c138a403a793d08daddc528bd%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638066136108896594%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=G5CnE47yIRvKuQU0ykHS%2BvNRNx4RwhmcaXvj6YcZrZ0%3D&reserved=0

== TARGET ARTICLE ==

Capra F.
The Organization of the Living: Maturana’s Key Insights
https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fconstructivist.info%2F18%2F1%2F005&data=05%7C01%7C%7Cfe6fd64c138a403a793d08daddc528bd%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638066136108896594%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=k7LxTVUwPcNmx%2BEB1h0D%2FLmyjdtfxBwsUjXN%2FKvt%2FOA%3D&reserved=0

Open Peer Commentaries

Cummins F.
Integrating Autopoiesis into a Scientific Account of Embodiment
https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fconstructivist.info%2F18%2F1%2F012&data=05%7C01%7C%7Cfe6fd64c138a403a793d08daddc528bd%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638066136108896594%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=fs2lJmW6haTSoOX0434hRyIsCcaqkfVnN41UY%2BDan50%3D&reserved=0

Kenny V.
A Radical Epistemological Severance
https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fconstructivist.info%2F18%2F1%2F015&data=05%7C01%7C%7Cfe6fd64c138a403a793d08daddc528bd%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638066136108896594%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=rUvMWXN%2Fhu2%2Bu4cuEmDF2UW4pXKfSqIHKsyoQzUEaBo%3D&reserved=0

Kordeš U.
When Studying the Mind, What Domain Is Being Investigated?
https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fconstructivist.info%2F18%2F1%2F018&data=05%7C01%7C%7Cfe6fd64c138a403a793d08daddc528bd%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638066136108896594%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=xLolgqllKQkK0nUjaZdzn2XB%2BPrn9x9ueXQhFJijvns%3D&reserved=0

Luisi P. L.
Reflections on Autopoiesis, the Signature of Life
https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fconstructivist.info%2F18%2F1%2F020&data=05%7C01%7C%7Cfe6fd64c138a403a793d08daddc528bd%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638066136108896594%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=%2FA2Rx0So4lxCWcaldf5oN6G4%2FDC4R%2F4ffIHYQ8uHqLg%3D&reserved=0

Ochoa-Arias A., Jerardino-Wiesenborn B. & Paucar-Caceres A.
Maturana’s Ontology of the Observer and Cultural Biology: Understanding
the Organization of Living
https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fconstructivist.info%2F18%2F1%2F023&data=05%7C01%7C%7Cfe6fd64c138a403a793d08daddc528bd%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638066136108896594%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=7W2cf%2Fmopat4wMcBXSaG39ZieNlnMnqKfLqpHnBu4Lc%3D&reserved=0

Villalobos M.
The Concepts of Mind and Cognition in the Autopoietic Theory
https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fconstructivist.info%2F18%2F1%2F026&data=05%7C01%7C%7Cfe6fd64c138a403a793d08daddc528bd%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638066136108896594%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=zUSwqXxS%2BatliPZZ1Ynfr8PV7E0LCJDqtMyT7svWWLM%3D&reserved=0

— Author’s Response —

Capra F.
Further Reflections on Maturana’s Key Insights
https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fconstructivist.info%2F18%2F1%2F028&data=05%7C01%7C%7Cfe6fd64c138a403a793d08daddc528bd%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638066136108896594%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=nBsUax3p%2Ff2oOM7N%2B%2BVa3oJCAR8FmaDrsReKTgPZrlE%3D&reserved=0

== TARGET ARTICLE ==

Kravchenko A. V.
The Maturanian Turn: Good Prospects for the Language Sciences
https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fconstructivist.info%2F18%2F1%2F030&data=05%7C01%7C%7Cfe6fd64c138a403a793d08daddc528bd%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638066136108896594%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=HVwryxUd1%2BsvcPRvosjtWcjv0VmqxACQw2G5hHMcYlU%3D&reserved=0

— Open Peer Commentaries —

Braver A.
Good News for the Language Sciences
https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fconstructivist.info%2F18%2F1%2F042&data=05%7C01%7C%7Cfe6fd64c138a403a793d08daddc528bd%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638066136108896594%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=Pb46MN7XMBxuBpgcvlnm8SGNYF1rj23TuhCkAPGDwek%3D&reserved=0

Sinha C.
Twists and Turns: Ahead of or Behind the Curve?
https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fconstructivist.info%2F18%2F1%2F043&data=05%7C01%7C%7Cfe6fd64c138a403a793d08daddc528bd%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638066136108896594%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=%2FTlU4NbqnVsIfVpJbMJnBHpXn13XHgXGC917%2BaXDR%2Fo%3D&reserved=0

Kenny V.
Maturana and Wittgenstein: Resisting Assimilation Together
https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fconstructivist.info%2F18%2F1%2F046&data=05%7C01%7C%7Cfe6fd64c138a403a793d08daddc528bd%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638066136108896594%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=EGHOH0A0hSzgCFCHAr%2BKX0MVOOZTjdj4YjRHIhXRMnQ%3D&reserved=0

Sangati E.
Turning Language-Science Prospects into Science
https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fconstructivist.info%2F18%2F1%2F049&data=05%7C01%7C%7Cfe6fd64c138a403a793d08daddc528bd%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638066136108896594%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=CG%2B4oIJqIy89V4HFm8by2rJU3fEITe0lQHki09JCNKw%3D&reserved=0

Raimondi V.
Maturana on Language Origins and Human Sociality
https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fconstructivist.info%2F18%2F1%2F052&data=05%7C01%7C%7Cfe6fd64c138a403a793d08daddc528bd%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638066136108896594%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=nA2hq3nkTKwnCr9A3xWQAAVMd348YM14%2FYJZa9doqII%3D&reserved=0

Cowley S. J. & Gahrn-Andersen R.
Languaging in an Enlanguaged World
https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fconstructivist.info%2F18%2F1%2F054&data=05%7C01%7C%7Cfe6fd64c138a403a793d08daddc528bd%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638066136108896594%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=EraCvmgBX1HrJEz2hck4GPsCXkDnIGaXYpRvceh1%2BYs%3D&reserved=0

Bartesaghi M.
Considering Observation
https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fconstructivist.info%2F18%2F1%2F057&data=05%7C01%7C%7Cfe6fd64c138a403a793d08daddc528bd%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638066136108896594%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=HROeQmmwNATfd%2Be2eWopsLR7g4DNojwoEwYthlH11cs%3D&reserved=0

Rodríguez Gómez S.
Stories Explaining Meaning
https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fconstructivist.info%2F18%2F1%2F059&data=05%7C01%7C%7Cfe6fd64c138a403a793d08daddc528bd%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C638066136109052808%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=GuBd3JvFd8Mjjy4LNuFBqNVCyamrt7AocL2ycll0WRg%3D&reserved=0

— Author’s Response —

Kravchenko A. V.
Towards a Paradigm Change in Language Studies
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== TARGET ARTICLE ==

Vaz N. M.
Maturanian Observer-Dependent Immunology
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— Open Peer Commentaries —

Pordeus V.
Paradigmatic Shift in Immunology: Implications for Medicine,
Pathophysiology and Public Health Policies
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Booth R. J.
What Components Contribute to the Immune System?
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Kravchenko A. V.
The Distinctions We Make as Observers Affect Theory Adequacy
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Swiatczak B.
Immunoglobulins and Antibodies: Conceptual Projections All the Way Down
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Andrade L. A. B.
Nelson Monteiro Vaz’s Contributions to Immunology
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— Author’s Response —

Vaz N. M.
Further Reflections on the Language of Immunology
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== TARGET ARTICLE ==

Mpodozis J.
Natural Drift: A Minimal Theory with Maximal Consequences
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— Open Peer Commentaries —

Vargas A. O.
Natural Drift: New Foundations for Understanding Evolution
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Veit W. & Browning H.
Darwinian and Autopoietic Views of the Organism
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Young J.
Revisioning Planetary EmergencE/Y Through the Lens of Natural Drift
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Etxeberria A. & Cortés-García D.
What is Special about Natural Drift as an Organism-Centered View of
Evolution
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Räwel J.
Autopoiesis: A Concept With Even More Far-Reaching Consequences for
Evolutionary Theory
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Rubin S.
Is Natural Drift a Mechanism?
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— Author’s Response —

Mpodozis J.
On Machines and Natural Drifts
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== TARGET ARTICLE ==

Whitaker R.
In Maturana’s Wake: The Biology of Cognition’s Legacy and its Prospects
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— Open Peer Commentaries —

Baron P.
Using Social Media to Take Maturana’s Biology of Cognition Into the
Mainstream
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Urrestarazu H.
On Pedagogical Tactics when Applying Maturana’s Biology of Cognition
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Westermann C.
From Within, or the Domain of Design Practice
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Gash H.
Educing the Social from the Biology of Cognition
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Scholte T.
Potential Contributions to a Critical Cybernetics
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Gaggero S.
Five Questions about Humberto Maturana’s Way of Seeing and Explaining
our Human Living
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— Author’s Response —

Whitaker R.
In the Wake of “In Maturana’s Wake”
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