A. Schmaus, K. Stiller, and N. Molkenthin study ‘mutual future-avoiding random walks’: models in which randomly moving agents avoid one another’s planned future trajectories, rather than their own previous paths. The authors find spontaneous periodic behaviour and coexistence between periodic and unstructured motion. They analyse a self-amplifying coupling mechanism and discuss possible interpretations for shared mobility, including a stable combination of flexible and line-based transport. These are findings from a mathematical model, not evidence of an implemented transport service.

Original research in Physical Review E, 114, 044219 (23 October 2026); DOI 10.1103/9q1j-dlw8.